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It is helpful to understand that modern slavery and trafficking experiences involve these key things:

Someone using force, deception, or coercion to trap someone in a situation in which they are exploited for personal or commercial profit.

One of the most painful parts after modern slavery is trying to make sense of how it happened to us.

Often, it is a combination of three things that come together that can lead to exploitation:

Systems that create vulnerability

Lack of access to safe, affordable housing

When people don’t have stable housing, they may accept unsafe work or living situations just to have a place to stay.

Institutional care (foster or out-of-home care)

People leaving care may not have strong support networks, making them easier to target or exploit.

Visa or immigration systems

Some visa conditions can tie people to one employer or limit their rights, increasing the risk of control or exploitation.

Systemic racism and discrimination

When people are treated unfairly or have fewer opportunities, they may have limited choices and be pushed into risky situations.

Gender inequality

Unequal power between genders can increase the risk of exploitation, especially for women and girls.

Closed or controlling groups (high control groups, cults)

These groups can isolate people, control their choices, and exploit their labour or lives.

Poor workplace laws or lack of enforcement

When rules are weak or not enforced, employers can exploit workers without being held accountable.